Loch Lomond has hosted the event for the last 15 years, but will be moved to the new venue this summer.
European Tour chief executive George O'Grady said: "It is always exciting to break new ground and everyone at the Tour is delighted to be staging one of our most prestigious events at a new venue which has been so widely acclaimed."
The prize fund remains at £3 million, with a winner's cheque of £500,000.
Italian Edoardo Molinari will defend the title against a field already known to include Masters champion Phil Mickelson, US Open holder Graeme McDowell and three-time major winner Padraig Harrington.
The event comes the week before The Open - this year at Sandwich in Kent - and Tim Peat, managing director of Barclays Capital, commented: "We have always received requests from professionals to host the Barclays Scottish Open at a links course and we are delighted the European Tour has selected Castle Stuart.
"We are confident this new links course will be a fantastic venue for the golfing public and our clients to watch the world's best golfers compete."
Harrington, who will be seeking his first victory in the event, commented: "Castle Stuart is reputed to be a fine addition to Scotland's links courses and I think many players will welcome the opportunity to play competitive links golf the week prior to The Open Championship, which has proved to be ideal preparation for me in the past."
He has missed the event in recent years to play the Irish PGA Championship instead.
McDowell, winner in 2008, said: "I will always have wonderful memories of my victory at Loch Lomond in 2008.
"However, I am delighted at the prospect of playing two classic links courses in consecutive weeks this year.
"As a native of Portrush I grew up with links golf and I've heard some great reports about Castle Stuart and am really looking forward to playing the course."
Mickelson, a strong supporter of the event down the years, stated: "I know I'm looking forward to testing my game on a strong links course the week before the Open Championship.
"And I'm sure a number of top players from the PGA Tour will be taking advantage of the opportunity. This is set up to be outstanding for the tournament, the players and the fans."